There are a number of tools for collecting the information in this needs analysis. Nation and Macalister (2010) said that “information about objective needs can be gathered by questionnaires, personal interviews, documentation (for example, gathering exam papers or text books and analyzing them), observation (for example, following a learner through a typical day), informal consultation with teachers and learners, and tests. Subjective needs are discovered through learner self assessment using lists and scales, and questionnaires and interviews”. As the example, some of the tools were employed by Kayl (2008) in his case study on “Developing an ESL Curriculum Based on Needs and Situation Analysis”. In order to collect the data, he observed students in an adult ESL program, gave students questionnaires to determine their needs, and then interviewed the teacher with the same purpose.