00:06:42
The grandeur of the architecture reflects Canterbury's historic and religious importance. The main entrance is through the Gothic southwest porch, which dates from the fifteenth century.
00:07:01
Lanfranc's original Norman central tower, the Angel Steeple, was demolished in the 1430s. Reconstruction took place over 50 years later and the new tower rose to a height of 90 meters.
Christ Church Cathedral is a unique artistic creation. The beauty of its architecture is enhanced by a set of exceptional architectural elements that constitute the richest collection in the United Kingdom.
00:07:30
Canterbury Cathedral has beautiful cloisters, the most important of which, the Great Cloisters, was built around 1400. The intricate tracery of the vaulting is characteristic of the late English Gothic or Perpendicular style. The lace-like ribs are ornamental and have no structural purpose. The bosses are adorned with the heraldic symbols of the cathedral’s donors.
00:07:56
In the Middle Ages, the interior of the cathedral housed tombs, although very few townspeople had the wealth or connections to be able to mix, in death, with bishops and aristocracy.
The great cloister is surrounded by the buildings essentially connected with the daily life of the monks, including the refectory, the dormitory, and the chapterhouse. A passage under the dormitory leads eastwards to the smaller or infirmary cloister, appropriated to the sick and infirm monks. Outside of these are the halls and chambers with which every monastery was provided, that were devoted to receiving visitors.
00:08:41
The campus for Christ Church College was constructed on land that was once the orchards and domestic buildings of the adjacent St. Augustine's Abbey.
00:08:52
The Gate House to St. Augustine's Abbey is now almost the only remaining edifice of the once celebrated abbey. It is said to have been erected as early 1287, during the reign of Edward I. Its great merit is the simplicity, as well as the elegance of its design, resulting from the extreme chastity of its proportions; the enrichments are comprised of an abundance of beautiful moldings rather than of sculptured ornaments.
00:09:21
Ruins of the Saint Augustine abbey where, according to the Venerable Bede, the Apostle to the Anglo-Saxons established the forty Benedictine monks who accompanied him, are still visible, half-way between St. Martin's Church and the Cathedral. The Abbey, dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul, included oratories and chapels; excavations have revealed parts of the plan. The primitive institution, veritable cradle of Benedictine monasticism in England, was restored following Scandinavian invasions by St Dunstan who, in 978, dedicated a new structure to St Augustine. Modifications made during the 11th century, both before and after the Norman conquest, have not erased the plans of the earlier churches which, like a palimpsest, can still be read. Conversely, the abbey buildings virtually disappeared in their entirely following dissolution of the community by Henry VIII in 1538.
00:10:13
A royal palace later stood on the site of the abbey buildings against the northern side aisle of the nave. Shown here, the north wall of the Norman nave, walled up and converted into a palace.
00:10:33
Christianity had reached Britain in Roman times, but many pagans remained unconverted when the Roman legions departed in 410. According to legend, Pope Gregory the Great, in the sixth century, heard about the tribe called the Angles and thought such "angels" must be converted.
The facts are not quite as romantic - the pagan King Ethelbert of Kent had married a Frankish Christian princess named Bertha, and it was probably due to her influence that Pope Gregory sent missionaries to the area.
Assigned to the task of converting the Anglo-Saxons was the future St. Augustine of Canterbury, who was then an abbot in Rome. St. Augustine baptized King Ethelbert by the end of 597 and founded an abbey to serve as his base in 598 AD. The abbey was the burial place of St. Augustine, subsequent abbots and archbishops, and the kings of Kent.
Construction of the Church of Saints Peter and Paul was begun during Augustine's lifetime but completed around 613 by his successor. Built from reused Roman bricks, it was a simple structure.
00:11:43
At the east end of the abbey church is the crypt of Abbot Wulfric's Rotunda, a multi-storey octagonal structure built around 1050 to link the Church of St. Peter and Paul (the main church) with the Chapel of St. Mary. The abbot probably got the idea for the design during his visit to Rheims in France. A Norman choir, later built over top of it, was only rediscovered in 1914.
00:12:30
The Anglo-Saxon buildings were completely reconstructed in the Romanesque style following the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, when it took on the form of a typical Norman Benedictine monastery. From about 1250 onwards the abbey was once again alive with building work. The cloister, lavatorium, frater and kitchen were totally rebuilt and a grand new abbot's lodging was constructed.
A new crenellated Great Gate was built in 1309, thus completing the Inner Court.
The religious history of St Augustine's Abbey came to an end with King Henry VIII's Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538. Its thirty monks were evicted and its treasures were dispersed.
King Henry did not sell the site, but converted it into a palace for the use of his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves. Beginning in 1541, the attention of the king's workmen turned to the demolition of the abbey buildings. The materials, including blocks of Caen stone and medieval floor tiles, were sold for reuse.
The palace ended up not being used much by the monarchy, and was leased to a succession of nobles. This palace is thought to have survived until a great storm in 1703, which caused great damage to the already ruinous structure of the abbey.
00:06:42
The grandeur of the architecture reflects Canterbury's historic and religious importance. The main entrance is through the Gothic southwest porch, which dates from the fifteenth century.
00:07:01
Lanfranc's original Norman central tower, the Angel Steeple, was demolished in the 1430s. Reconstruction took place over 50 years later and the new tower rose to a height of 90 meters.
Christ Church Cathedral is a unique artistic creation. The beauty of its architecture is enhanced by a set of exceptional architectural elements that constitute the richest collection in the United Kingdom.
00:07:30
Canterbury Cathedral has beautiful cloisters, the most important of which, the Great Cloisters, was built around 1400. The intricate tracery of the vaulting is characteristic of the late English Gothic or Perpendicular style. The lace-like ribs are ornamental and have no structural purpose. The bosses are adorned with the heraldic symbols of the cathedral’s donors.
00:07:56
In the Middle Ages, the interior of the cathedral housed tombs, although very few townspeople had the wealth or connections to be able to mix, in death, with bishops and aristocracy.
The great cloister is surrounded by the buildings essentially connected with the daily life of the monks, including the refectory, the dormitory, and the chapterhouse. A passage under the dormitory leads eastwards to the smaller or infirmary cloister, appropriated to the sick and infirm monks. Outside of these are the halls and chambers with which every monastery was provided, that were devoted to receiving visitors.
00:08:41
The campus for Christ Church College was constructed on land that was once the orchards and domestic buildings of the adjacent St. Augustine's Abbey.
00:08:52
The Gate House to St. Augustine's Abbey is now almost the only remaining edifice of the once celebrated abbey. It is said to have been erected as early 1287, during the reign of Edward I. Its great merit is the simplicity, as well as the elegance of its design, resulting from the extreme chastity of its proportions; the enrichments are comprised of an abundance of beautiful moldings rather than of sculptured ornaments.
00:09:21
Ruins of the Saint Augustine abbey where, according to the Venerable Bede, the Apostle to the Anglo-Saxons established the forty Benedictine monks who accompanied him, are still visible, half-way between St. Martin's Church and the Cathedral. The Abbey, dedicated to the Apostles Peter and Paul, included oratories and chapels; excavations have revealed parts of the plan. The primitive institution, veritable cradle of Benedictine monasticism in England, was restored following Scandinavian invasions by St Dunstan who, in 978, dedicated a new structure to St Augustine. Modifications made during the 11th century, both before and after the Norman conquest, have not erased the plans of the earlier churches which, like a palimpsest, can still be read. Conversely, the abbey buildings virtually disappeared in their entirely following dissolution of the community by Henry VIII in 1538.
00:10:13
A royal palace later stood on the site of the abbey buildings against the northern side aisle of the nave. Shown here, the north wall of the Norman nave, walled up and converted into a palace.
00:10:33
Christianity had reached Britain in Roman times, but many pagans remained unconverted when the Roman legions departed in 410. According to legend, Pope Gregory the Great, in the sixth century, heard about the tribe called the Angles and thought such "angels" must be converted.
The facts are not quite as romantic - the pagan King Ethelbert of Kent had married a Frankish Christian princess named Bertha, and it was probably due to her influence that Pope Gregory sent missionaries to the area.
Assigned to the task of converting the Anglo-Saxons was the future St. Augustine of Canterbury, who was then an abbot in Rome. St. Augustine baptized King Ethelbert by the end of 597 and founded an abbey to serve as his base in 598 AD. The abbey was the burial place of St. Augustine, subsequent abbots and archbishops, and the kings of Kent.
Construction of the Church of Saints Peter and Paul was begun during Augustine's lifetime but completed around 613 by his successor. Built from reused Roman bricks, it was a simple structure.
00:11:43
At the east end of the abbey church is the crypt of Abbot Wulfric's Rotunda, a multi-storey octagonal structure built around 1050 to link the Church of St. Peter and Paul (the main church) with the Chapel of St. Mary. The abbot probably got the idea for the design during his visit to Rheims in France. A Norman choir, later built over top of it, was only rediscovered in 1914.
00:12:30
The Anglo-Saxon buildings were completely reconstructed in the Romanesque style following the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, when it took on the form of a typical Norman Benedictine monastery. From about 1250 onwards the abbey was once again alive with building work. The cloister, lavatorium, frater and kitchen were totally rebuilt and a grand new abbot's lodging was constructed.
A new crenellated Great Gate was built in 1309, thus completing the Inner Court.
The religious history of St Augustine's Abbey came to an end with King Henry VIII's Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538. Its thirty monks were evicted and its treasures were dispersed.
King Henry did not sell the site, but converted it into a palace for the use of his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves. Beginning in 1541, the attention of the king's workmen turned to the demolition of the abbey buildings. The materials, including blocks of Caen stone and medieval floor tiles, were sold for reuse.
The palace ended up not being used much by the monarchy, and was leased to a succession of nobles. This palace is thought to have survived until a great storm in 1703, which caused great damage to the already ruinous structure of the abbey.
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