Parenting roles
While research on the long-term effects of being raised by same-sex parents is somewhat limited and in some cases conflicting, much research has been done that illustrates the vital role of parents in general when it comes to a child's development. In the case of adopted children, the need for committed, loving parents and a stable family environment is even more critical, according to clinical psychologist Ray Guarendi, author of "Adoption: Choosing It, Living It, Loving It" (Servant Books, $14.99).
But the question, Guarendi told Our Sunday Visitor, is whether two parents of the same gender can provide the type of family structure that best fosters the emotional and psychological well-being of the child.
"There is plenty of research that indicates that the welfare of the child is best served by a committed man-woman relationship," said Guarendi, a Catholic father to 10 adopted children.
"Looking from the Church's teaching, looking from God's revelation, male and female are complementary," he added. "The roles of mother and father are not interchangeable. Plenty of research indicates that moms and dads bring innate talents and innate gifts to a child."
Joseph White, a psychologist and family counselor who serves as director of family life for the Diocese of Austin, Texas, agreed that mothers and fathers each serve a unique role in the life of a child. Mothers, he said, traditionally provide security and nurturing for a child, while fathers encourage the child to take risks and to be more adventurous.
White explained that although the research does not necessarily show that these roles must be filled by male and female parents, it may be more challenging for parents of the same gender to satisfy all of the child's needs.
"Typically, those roles have been divided along gender lines ... but that is not to say that a same-sex couple couldn't parent with the same mixed-gender roles. They just would have to make a more conscious effort to do it," he said.