A second example brings us even closer to the question of administration. As individualism flourished, a corresponding move simultaneously transformed what individualism would mean. Rather than a collective national body or somehow genuinely independent monads, the citizenry comes to be seen as a population, a mass that can be measured, statistically represented, and therefore the object of administrative contemplation and action. As Gordon explains, "The perspective of civil society induces a new governmental analysis of the collective human substance of population." This "economic" approach makes possible "a greater effort of [governmental] technique aimed at accomplishing more through a lesser exertion of force and authority" (Burchell et al., 1991, p. ix). The idea of a population puts management into the equation, even after so much rhetorical force has been put on unregulated individuals.