Another application for filter cake is as a substrate for seedling production. Some trials conducted in Brazil have indicated that filter cake mixed with bagasse could be an adequate substrate for the production of eucalyptus [47] and citrus seedlings [14]. Citrus plants cultivated in this substrate were ready for grafting 120 days after transplanting, whilst plants growing in commercial substrate were not ready at this time. The addition of 18 g k−1 N to plants growing in substrate containing filter cake resulted in taller plants with more leaves, greater leaf area, and larger aerial dry matter than plants grown in commercial substrate [14].