A subordinate clause or a dependent clause has a subject and verb, but, unlike an
independent clause, does not make a complete statement because of the words they begin
with. A subordinate clause cannot stand by itself. It depends on something else to express a
complete thought. Some subordinate clauses are introduced by relative pronouns (who, whom,
which, what, whose, that) and some by subordinating conjunctions. Here are some of the
conjunctions that begin subordinate clauses: