Leaf toughness is an important physical factor for plant resistance, as it affects
the penetration of plant tissues by mouthparts of piercing-sucking insects, and also
increases mandibular wear in biting-chewing herbivores (Schoonhoven et al. 2005).
Leaf toughness is frequently correlated with insect resistance and is a good predictor
of herbivory rates (Bergvinson et al. 1995; Coley and Barone 1996; Howlett
et al. 2001). Although leaf toughness is typically regarded as a physical character,
this trait exemplifies the general difficulty in drawing clear distinctions between
physical and chemical resistance factors. Cell wall reinforcement for enhanced leaf
toughness results from the deposition of ‘chemicals’, including macromolecules
such as lignin, cellulose, suberin, and callose, small organic molecules (e.g., phenolics),
and even inorganic silica particles (Schoonhoven et al. 2005). Enhanced synthesis
and/or deposition of these chemicals after wounding leads to induced physical
resistance (McNaughton and Tarrants 1983; Bernards this volume; Ginzberg this
volume).
Leaf toughness is an important physical factor for plant resistance, as it affectsthe penetration of plant tissues by mouthparts of piercing-sucking insects, and alsoincreases mandibular wear in biting-chewing herbivores (Schoonhoven et al. 2005).Leaf toughness is frequently correlated with insect resistance and is a good predictorof herbivory rates (Bergvinson et al. 1995; Coley and Barone 1996; Howlettet al. 2001). Although leaf toughness is typically regarded as a physical character,this trait exemplifies the general difficulty in drawing clear distinctions betweenphysical and chemical resistance factors. Cell wall reinforcement for enhanced leaftoughness results from the deposition of ‘chemicals’, including macromoleculessuch as lignin, cellulose, suberin, and callose, small organic molecules (e.g., phenolics),and even inorganic silica particles (Schoonhoven et al. 2005). Enhanced synthesisand/or deposition of these chemicals after wounding leads to induced physicalresistance (McNaughton and Tarrants 1983; Bernards this volume; Ginzberg thisvolume).
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