Behaviorally,the subparts of processing fluency, perceptual fluency and conceptual fluency have repeatedly been shown as separable if often interrelated (e.g., Cabeza and Ohta, 1993; Lee and Labroo, 2004;Whittlesea, 1993). Perceptual fluency, defined as the ease with which perceptual processing occurs, has been shown to influence metacognitive judgments directly.