Academic and business writing or correspondence frequently makes reference to the titles of books, magazines, articles, and so on. In addition, long pieces or writing or correspondence are often divided by headings. When using both titles and headings, the basic rule is to capitalize all words of four or more letters. You must capitalize the first and last work of a title of heading, as well as the first word after a dash or colon. In addition, you should capitalize all other words, EXCEPT the following: