Also, we note that here the focus is on deterministic network equilibrium problems. Some
basic stochastic transportation network equilibrium models can be found in Sheffi (1985).
Dial (1971) developed, apparently, the first stochastic route choice model. Daganzo and
Sheffi (1977), in turn, formulated a stochastic user-optimized traffic network model with
route choice in which the equilibrium criterion could be succinctly stated as no traveler can
improve his or her perceived travel time by unilaterally changing routes