Candidal vulvovaginitis or vaginal thrush is an infection of the vagina’s mucous membranes by Candida albicans.[1] Symptoms and signs include: vaginal itching or pain, burning with urination and vaginal discharge which typically does not smell.
It is most commonly caused by excessive growth of one of a family of fungus known as Candida. They are normally present in the vagina in small numbers and usually harmless. It is not known exactly how changes in the vagina trigger thrush, but it may be due to a hormone (chemical) imbalance. In most cases, the cause of the hormonal changes is unknown. Risk factors include taking antibiotics.[2] Clothing and personal hygiene are not factors.[2]
Treatment is with an antifungal medication.[3] This may be either topical such as clotrimazole or oral such as fluconazole.[3] Probiotics have not been found to be useful for active infections.[4]
Up to 75% of women will have this infection at some point in their lives, and approximately 5% will have recurring episodes.[5] It is the second most common cause of vaginal inflammation after bacterial vaginosis.[6]