4. Conclusions
Chickpea flour increased storage modulus as well as bread
specific volume while tiger nut flour reduced bread specific volume
and gave darker crumbs. The presence of both flours gave breads
with darker crusts. Bread with both chickpea and tiger nut flour
maintained baking characteristics when shortening and/or emulsifier
were reduced or eliminated. Apparently, interactions between
chickpea protein and tiger nut lipids compensated the effect of the
elimination of shortening and emulsifier on crumb texture