In the 1960s, research on students' attitudes toward science, scientists, and science learning appeared regularly in the science education literature (e.g., Weinstock 1967). Science educators began to distinguish "attitudes toward science" from "scientific attitudes" also called scientific attributes. This new label stems from the notion that scientific attitudes, such as open-mindedness, embody the attributes of scientists that are considered desirable in students (Koballa&crawley, 1985)