The minimum data needed to evaluate the subgrade soils should be classification (which requires
Atterberg limits and gradation as appropriate) and strength (lowest expected). The depths and
thicknesses of the lower strength layers to a depth of at least 2 feet should be examined. The following
current ASTM test designations may be used in developing the necessary data where appropriate for
design:
b. Where cohesive soils exist in the subgrade, resulting of an unconfined compression test of the compacted
cohesive material (saturated) will give a cohesion or shear strength for use in design. It may not be
necessary to develop shear values from tests for some non-cohesive soils but where necessary standard
tests may be performed. In absence of testing, caution is advised in applying the AREMA allowable
bearing pressure of 20 psi for design from Chapter 16, Economics of Railway Engineering and
Operations.
c. The level of stress in the subgrade should not exceed an allowable bearing pressure that includes a safety
factor. A minimum factor safety of a least 2 and as much as 5 or more should be provided to prevent
bearing capacity failure or undue creep under the loaded area. When subgrade support is marginal
and/or where the liquid limit of the subgrade soil exceeds a value of 30 or the plasticity index exceeds 12,
special attention should be given to that soil. A change of subgrade soil or stabilization of the subgrade
material may be considered to obtain a more reliable support for the sub-ballast.