Land Input. The definition is the extent of land planted, mostly to rice and subject to a particular technology. Land area is measured in each of the case studies, but it is measured by different techniques. In some cases the investigators used surveying techniques (Moerman in Ban Ping, Durrenberger in both Lisu and Shan cases). In others, there was vigorous local resistance to standard measuring techniques (Freeman among the Iban), and the author had to estimate the land area. The units of report in the case studies include the acre, and the rai (a Thai unit of land area). All these case study metrics are converted to the hectare (10,000 m2, equals 2.471 acres and 6.25 rai). It is a ratio scale.