Applying existing associationrule mining algorithms can help find rules of the form “FCa ⇒ FCe” as speci f icat ions, where bot h FCa and FCe are method calls that share the same receiver object in object-oriented programs. These specifications can be used to find exception-handling bugs: if FCe does not follow FCa in all exception paths. However, association rules of this form are often insufficient to capture common exception-handling rules. In some situations, FCa is not necessarily followed by FCe when FCa raises exceptions, although both method calls share the same receiver object.