In the first experimental approach, in which B. bassiana was mixed with soil and then plated onto selective media, the number of CFUs in the pupal cell treatment was less than that of the autoclaved or non-autoclaved field soil treatments (which were not different from each other) (F = 45.98; df = 2, 65; P < 0.0001) (Fig. 1). In the second approach, when B. bassiana was plated first and soil suspensions were subsequently overlaid, CFUs in the pupal cell treatment were also less than in the controls (which were not different from each other) (F = 74.48; df = 3, 91; P < 0.0001) (Fig. 2)