conclusions
Ventilator-associated pneumonia continues to be a commonly encountered challenge amongst critically ill patients and carries significant burdens of morbidity, antibiotic utilization and cost. Studies on prevention strategies directed towards the pathophysiologic mechanisms of Ventilator-associated pneumonia have shown variable success. However, certain measures as described in this review have been shown to improve patient outcomes and, therefore, we recommend care providers consider a multidisciplinary strategy incorporating the following: Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation when able; sedation and weaning protocols for those patients who do require mechanical ventilation; mechanical ventilation protocols including head of bed elevation and oral care; and removal of subglottic secretions. Future research that considers clinical outcomes as primary endpoints will hopefully result in more detailed prevention strategies.