All cancer cases were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology except childhood and adolescent cancers, which were classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC).[13] Causes of death were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases.[14] All incidence and death rates were age-standardized to the 2000 US standard population and expressed per 100,000 population, as calculated by NCI's SEER*Stat software (version 8.2.1).[15] The annual percent change in rates was quantified using NCI's Joinpoint Regression Program (version 4.2.0.2).[16]