Our patient denied travel outside France and had no exotic dietary habits. He was probably infected by direct inoculation, possible during intravenous drug injection or after unnoticed injury when he worked in vineyards. For hemodialysis patients, vascular access infections are a major cause of illness and death (8). Also for these patients, unusual bacteria with low inherent pathogenicity are increasingly reported as potential causes of bacteremia (9). The decreased phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes associated with chronic renal failure may increase susceptibility to bacteria that would otherwise have low pathogenicity (10). This second known report of human infection with acetic acid bacteria should alert clinicians to the risk for opportunistic infections with these bacteria, which are broadly used in food processing.