We recruited, from all six institutions for infants and young children in Bucharest, a group of 136 whom we considered to be free of neurological, genetic and other birth defects based on pediatric exams conducted by a member of the study team. All had been abandoned to institutions in the first weeks or months of life. When the study began, they were, on average, 22 months old—the range of ages was from six to 31 months.
Immediately after a series of baseline physical and psycholog- ical assessments, half the children were randomly assigned to a foster care intervention our team developed, maintained and financed. The other half remained in an institution—what we called the “care as usual” group. We also recruited a third group of typically developing children who lived with their families in Bucharest and had never been institutionalized. These three groups of children have been studied for more than 10 years. Because the children were randomly assigned to foster care or to remain in an institution, unlike previous studies, it was possible to show that any differences in development or behavior between
the two groups could be attributed to where they were reared. Because there was virtually no foster care available for aban- doned children in Bucharest when we started, we were in the unique position of having to build our own network. After exten- sive advertising and background checks, we eventually recruited
53 families to foster 68 children (we kept siblings together).
Of course, many ethical issues were involved in conducting a controlled scientific study of young children, a trial in which only half the participants were initially removed from institutions. The design compared the standard intervention for abandoned chil- dren—institutional rearing—with foster care, an intervention that had never been available to these children. Ethical protections put in place included oversight by multiple Romanian and U.S.-based institutions, implementation of “minimal risk” measures (all used routinely with young children), and noninterference with govern- ment decisions about changes in placement when children were adopted, returned to biological parents or later placed in govern-
ment-sponsored foster care that at the outset did not exist.
No child was moved back from foster care to an institution at the end of the study. As soon as the early results became avail- able, we communicated our findings to the Romanian govern-
ment at a news conference.
To ensure high-quality foster care, we designed the program
to incorporate regular involvement of a social work team and pro- vided modest subsidies to families for child-related expenses. All foster parents had to be licensed, and they were paid a salary as well as a subsidy. They received training and were encouraged to make a full psychological commitment to their foster children.
We recruited, from all six institutions for infants and young children in Bucharest, a group of 136 whom we considered to be free of neurological, genetic and other birth defects based on pediatric exams conducted by a member of the study team. All had been abandoned to institutions in the first weeks or months of life. When the study began, they were, on average, 22 months old—the range of ages was from six to 31 months.Immediately after a series of baseline physical and psycholog- ical assessments, half the children were randomly assigned to a foster care intervention our team developed, maintained and financed. The other half remained in an institution—what we called the “care as usual” group. We also recruited a third group of typically developing children who lived with their families in Bucharest and had never been institutionalized. These three groups of children have been studied for more than 10 years. Because the children were randomly assigned to foster care or to remain in an institution, unlike previous studies, it was possible to show that any differences in development or behavior betweenthe two groups could be attributed to where they were reared. Because there was virtually no foster care available for aban- doned children in Bucharest when we started, we were in the unique position of having to build our own network. After exten- sive advertising and background checks, we eventually recruitedครอบครัว 53 เพื่อส่งเสริมเด็ก 68 (เราเก็บข้อมูลที่เกี่ยวข้องกัน)แน่นอน หลายประเด็นด้านจริยธรรมเกี่ยวข้องในการดำเนินการควบคุมทางวิทยาศาสตร์ศึกษาของเด็ก การทดลองซึ่งผู้เรียนเพียงครึ่งเริ่มออกจากสถาบัน แบบเปรียบเทียบสู่มาตรฐานสำหรับ dren chil ละทิ้ง — สถาบันแม่ — กับผู้ปกครอง การแทรกแซงที่ไม่เคยให้เด็กเหล่านี้ ควบคุมมาตรการ "เสี่ยงน้อย" (ทั้งหมดใช้กับเด็กเป็นประจำ), และ noninterference ด้วยติดขัดที่ควบคุมการตัดสินใจเกี่ยวกับการเปลี่ยนแปลงในตำแหน่งเมื่อเด็กนำ ส่งกลับไปยังผู้ปกครองชีวภาพ หรือวางภายหลังใส่ในการกำกับดูแลสถานที่รวมหลายสถาบันโรมาเนีย และสหรัฐอเมริกาคุ้มครองจริยธรรม -ผู้ให้สนับสนุนติดขัดปกครองที่มือไม่อยู่เด็กไม่ถูกย้ายกลับมาจากผู้ปกครองไปสถาบันที่จบการศึกษา เป็นต้นผลเป็น ประโยชน์-สามารถ เราสื่อสารผลการวิจัยของเรากับ govern โรมาเนีย-ติดขัดที่แถลงข่าวเพื่อให้ผู้ปกครองมีคุณภาพสูง เราออกแบบโปรแกรมการรวมปกติมีส่วนร่วมของทีมงานสังคมและ pro - vided อุดหนุนสำหรับค่าใช้จ่ายที่เกี่ยวข้องกับเด็กครอบครัวเจียมเนื้อเจียมตัว พ่อแม่เลี้ยงทั้งหมดได้จะได้รับอนุญาต และพวกเขาได้จ่ายเงินเดือนเป็นเงินสมทบ พวกเขาได้รับการฝึกอบรม และได้สนับสนุนให้มาเต็มจิตใจเด็กบ้าง
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