whereas nonparticipation can occur because of the operation of constraints at
several stages in the process. Our first proposition, then, is that leisure participation is
heavily dependent on negotiating through an alignment of multiple factors, arranged
understanding of leisure nonparticipation; (b) why it may be difficult for an individual to
participate in an activity that he or she desires or expresses a preference for; (c) why,
conversely, it may be comparatively simple to deter an individual from his or her leisure
goals; and (d) why, ultimately, the relationship between leisure preference and participation
has been traditionally tenuous and thus problematic for both leisure and family
scholars.