This study also investigated the effect of CO2 availability,
in the form of magnesium carbonate loading which was proven to have a direct effect on succinate production. A carbonate loading of 400 mmol/L in this study could produce lesser byproducts and four times higher succinic acid than the control (from 5 g/L without carbonate loading to 21 g/L). This is the first report focusing on the utilization of frond juice of Oil palm, the largest biomass from palm oil industry to act as an alternative, sustainable feedstock for the production of bio-succinic acid.