Differences between traumatic and
non-traumatic SCI
The demographic and clinical pattern of neurological
damage in patients with non-traumatic SCI differs considerably
from those with traumatic SCI. For example, traumatic
SCI occurs predominately in young men between
the ages of 16-30 years with almost equal numbers sustaining
tetraplegia/paraplegia and complete/incomplete
injuries (McKinley et al, 2000). More men sustain traumatic
SCI than women (about 21% are female) (Ho et al,
2007). Non-traumatic SCI tends to affect older adults with
a more even gender distribution. Injury is usually incomplete
and more likely to cause paraplegia than tetraplegia
(New and Epi, 2007). Non-traumatic SCI is associated
with reduced secondary complications such as spasticity
and deep vein thrombosis, but among older adults other
illnesses and conditions and general deconditioning can
seriously affect functional outcome (Ho et al, 2007). This
has implications for patients’ management and rehabilitation
so that their individual needs are assessed adequately
and their rehabilitation programme is tailored to them.
An understanding of the disorders and diseases that can
cause SCI (Table 1) and their likely progress and out-
Differences between traumatic and
non-traumatic SCI
The demographic and clinical pattern of neurological
damage in patients with non-traumatic SCI differs considerably
from those with traumatic SCI. For example, traumatic
SCI occurs predominately in young men between
the ages of 16-30 years with almost equal numbers sustaining
tetraplegia/paraplegia and complete/incomplete
injuries (McKinley et al, 2000). More men sustain traumatic
SCI than women (about 21% are female) (Ho et al,
2007). Non-traumatic SCI tends to affect older adults with
a more even gender distribution. Injury is usually incomplete
and more likely to cause paraplegia than tetraplegia
(New and Epi, 2007). Non-traumatic SCI is associated
with reduced secondary complications such as spasticity
and deep vein thrombosis, but among older adults other
illnesses and conditions and general deconditioning can
seriously affect functional outcome (Ho et al, 2007). This
has implications for patients’ management and rehabilitation
so that their individual needs are assessed adequately
and their rehabilitation programme is tailored to them.
An understanding of the disorders and diseases that can
cause SCI (Table 1) and their likely progress and out-
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