The melting permafrost and increasing temperature are both affecting the forests of Alaska .as the permafrost under the forests melts insects that normally do not turn up untill the warmer seasons are appearing Sooners. The spruce-bark beetle for example is increasing in numbers as result of warmer winter temperature. It usually takes about two years for these beetle for example is two years for these beetles to grow and reproduce in very cold weather. However due to the increase in temperature spruce-bark beetle are reproducing faster and damaging as many trees in one year as they previously damaged in two. If something cannot be done to change things Alaska's forests will not survive the turn of the century.