Hundred-Year Forecast: Drought
By Christopher R. Schwalm, Christopher A. Williams, and Kevin Schaefer
In the American West, widespread annual droughts, which were once a rare calamity, have become more frequent and are going to become the "new normal." Scientists who work on precipitation trends indicate that prolonged long and severe droughts will be commonplace through the end of the 21st century. They suggest that extreme droughts are related to global warming from increased greenhouse gases. If human-induced carbon emissions are not significantly reduced, the American West will face serious agricultural and water problems.
the records show that an extreme drought that can last for many years or even a decade has severe impacts on the ecosystem. The five-year-long drought that hit the American West from 2000 to 2004 had profound consequences for carbon sequestration, agricultural productivity and water resources. Plants, for example, took in only half the carbon dioxide they normally do. In the drought's worst year, crop yields were down by 13 percent. Major river basins showed 5 percent to 50 percent reductions in flow.
By analyzing trends over the last 100 years, scientists see signs of the relationship between warming and drought in western North America. Evidence suggests that the more frequent drought and low precipitation events observed for the West during the 20th century are associated with increasing temperatures across the Northern Hemisphere. the Northern Hemisphere has just recorded its 327th consecutive month in which the temperature exceeded the 20th-century average. this year had the fourth-warmest winter on record. More than 3,200 heat records were broken in June alone.
Most frightening is that the extreme drought could become the new normal: climate models point to a warmer planet, largely because of greenhouse gas emissions. Planetary warming, in turn, is expected to create drier conditions across western North America because of the way global-wind and atmospheric-pressure patterns shift in response.
A possible megadrought - a prolonged, multidecade period of significantly below-average precipitation - would present a major risk to water resources in the American West, which are distributed through a complex series of local, state and regional water-sharing agreements and laws. Many Western cities will have to fundamentally change how they acquire and use water. Virtually every drop of water flowing in American West is legally claimed, sometimes by several users, and the demand is expected to increase as the population grows. Some regions will become impossible to farm because of lack of irrigation water. Thermoelectric energy production will compete for Limited water resources.
There is still time to prevent the worst; the risk of a megadrought in the American West can be reduced if we reduce fossil-fuel emissions. what was once thought to be a future threat is suddenly, catastrophically facing us now.
Hundred-Year Forecast: DroughtBy Christopher R. Schwalm, Christopher A. Williams, and Kevin Schaefer In the American West, widespread annual droughts, which were once a rare calamity, have become more frequent and are going to become the "new normal." Scientists who work on precipitation trends indicate that prolonged long and severe droughts will be commonplace through the end of the 21st century. They suggest that extreme droughts are related to global warming from increased greenhouse gases. If human-induced carbon emissions are not significantly reduced, the American West will face serious agricultural and water problems. the records show that an extreme drought that can last for many years or even a decade has severe impacts on the ecosystem. The five-year-long drought that hit the American West from 2000 to 2004 had profound consequences for carbon sequestration, agricultural productivity and water resources. Plants, for example, took in only half the carbon dioxide they normally do. In the drought's worst year, crop yields were down by 13 percent. Major river basins showed 5 percent to 50 percent reductions in flow. By analyzing trends over the last 100 years, scientists see signs of the relationship between warming and drought in western North America. Evidence suggests that the more frequent drought and low precipitation events observed for the West during the 20th century are associated with increasing temperatures across the Northern Hemisphere. the Northern Hemisphere has just recorded its 327th consecutive month in which the temperature exceeded the 20th-century average. this year had the fourth-warmest winter on record. More than 3,200 heat records were broken in June alone. Most frightening is that the extreme drought could become the new normal: climate models point to a warmer planet, largely because of greenhouse gas emissions. Planetary warming, in turn, is expected to create drier conditions across western North America because of the way global-wind and atmospheric-pressure patterns shift in response. A possible megadrought - a prolonged, multidecade period of significantly below-average precipitation - would present a major risk to water resources in the American West, which are distributed through a complex series of local, state and regional water-sharing agreements and laws. Many Western cities will have to fundamentally change how they acquire and use water. Virtually every drop of water flowing in American West is legally claimed, sometimes by several users, and the demand is expected to increase as the population grows. Some regions will become impossible to farm because of lack of irrigation water. Thermoelectric energy production will compete for Limited water resources. There is still time to prevent the worst; the risk of a megadrought in the American West can be reduced if we reduce fossil-fuel emissions. what was once thought to be a future threat is suddenly, catastrophically facing us now.
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