include:
• Public-private partnerships for payment for ecosystem services– to promote the conservation of upstream areas through compensationforecosystem-friendly land-use practices
•Strategic river basin investment – can be the basis for strategic nvestments in multiple sectors, e.g. Columbia’s Magdalena Basin, where faced with historic, year-long flooding, the government has realised that ecosystem-based approaches to planning and development are needed
• Sustainable dam management to help meet water, energy and food demand
• Certifiable standards for watershed stewardship.
Integration of natural infrastructure in investments is fundamental to greening of the economy. There are limits to what ecosystem services will achieve but the limits are not clear. Planners need to combine built and natural infrastructure and start projects by looking at what ecosystem services already exist and what functions they can perform.