Summary
● Cultural and ethnic diversity has often been understood as an obstacle
to development.
● Modernization theories and Marxist theories view development as
involving social evolution into more complex forms of social
organization.
● Incorporating ‘culture’ into development means questioning what
‘development’ is.
● Post-modern and post-colonial approaches to development stress
heterogeneity and how constructions of ‘development’ are never neutral.
● Any form of social, economic and political change will have differential
impacts on individuals depending on age, gender and ethnicity.