polyvinyl alcohol is widely used in diverse applications such as: adhesives for paper, wood, textiles, leather and other water-absorbent substrates; as an emulsifier and protective colloid in the production of resin dispersions; in textile sizing and finishing; as photosensitive coatings; in specialty molded products; in water-soluble, gas-tight films; in paper and paperboard ; and as binders for pigmented paper coatings, ceramic materials and nonwoven fabrics