In order to evaluate the impact of this wildfire, plots with different species compositions named according the dominating species and representatives of these two types of vegetation affected by the wildfire (Quercus, climax vegetation; Eucalyptus, non-autochthonous vegetation) both in the unburnt and burnt areas were selected at different locations throughout the park. Thus, a total of 16 plots (4 unburnt Quercus, 4 burnt Quercus, 4 unburnt Eucalyptus, 4 burnt Eucalyptus), each plot covering a surface area of about 1000 m2, were established for the field experimental design. The soil is developed over granite and the slope of the plots is 30–70%. Soil sampling was performed 3 months after the wildfire and several physicochemical, biochemical and microbiological properties were analyzed. From each plot, after removing the litter in the case of unburnt plots, multiple soil subsamples were taken from the 0 to 5 cm (0–2.5 cm, 2.5–5 cm) of the A horizon top layer; they were mixed to form one representative composite soil sample per depth and per plot and refrigerated (4 °C) until processing in the laboratory.