Lactobacilli were assessed on the LBS agar incubated aerobically and anaerobically (in an anaerobic cabinet) at 37 1C for 48 h (GB/T4789.35-2008, China). Bifidobacteria were cultured on BBL agar incubated anaerobically at 37 1C for 48 h (GB/T4789.34-2008, China).