At independence, there were large attendance and achievement gaps between the Chinese population, on the one
hand, and the Tamil and Malay populations on the other. These gaps threatened the political stability of Singapore,
as well as its economic development. In the first education phase, the survival phase, rapid expansion of schooling
led to universal elementary and lower secondary education by the early 1970s. In the second phase, streaming was
introduced to reduce the high drop-out rates from the system; although controversial, it was successful. Today, with
a secondary school graduation rate of 98% (10th grade), the gaps in educational attainment have been substantially
reduced. However, there is more work to be done. In the TIMMS results, for example, Singapore has very high mean
achievement scores in mathematics and science but there is also a long tail to the achievement distribution. On
other measures too, socio-economic status has a significant impact on achievement.
At independence, there were large attendance and achievement gaps between the Chinese population, on the onehand, and the Tamil and Malay populations on the other. These gaps threatened the political stability of Singapore, as well as its economic development. In the first education phase, the survival phase, rapid expansion of schooling led to universal elementary and lower secondary education by the early 1970s. In the second phase, streaming was introduced to reduce the high drop-out rates from the system; although controversial, it was successful. Today, with a secondary school graduation rate of 98% (10th grade), the gaps in educational attainment have been substantially reduced. However, there is more work to be done. In the TIMMS results, for example, Singapore has very high mean achievement scores in mathematics and science but there is also a long tail to the achievement distribution. On other measures too, socio-economic status has a significant impact on achievement.
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