This point can be illustrated with Astley and Van de Ven's (1983) influential differentiation of organizational theory into four quadrants: sys tem-structural (Q 1), strategic choice (Q2), natural selection (Q3), collective-action (Q4). Variation in thought trials within one quadrant should be associated with fewer breakthroughs than would variations that originate in more than one quadrant. Thus, population ecologists (Q3) or social constructionists (Q2) who work within