Ceramic bodies, for example tiles, are heterogeneous
materials, consisting mainly of natural raw material mixtures,
wide ranging in composition [14]. For this reason, such bodies
can tolerate different types of waste, such as fly ash and blast
furnace slag [15]. The main component of such waste is
calcium–aluminium–silicate glass. However, fly ash is relatively abundant in Al2O3, while BFS is abundant in CaO.
In the present work, the authors focus on the utilization of
BSF on the physical and chemical properties as well as the
thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of ceramic wall tile
bodies. Furthermore, the phase–microstructure relationships
of these tiles are investigated. Wall tile bodies are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and secondary electron
microscopy (SEM) for the evolution of new phases and
structural changes. The research objective of the study is to investigate the recycling and the utilization of BFS waste as a
secondary raw material for wall tile body preparation in order
to provide economic and environmental benefits to country.