My focus here is on the Later Stone Age (LSA) period. Despite dating problems in East
Africa, archaeological evidence at Enkapune Ya Muto rock shelter in Kenya, as well as
evidence from Mumba Cave in Tanzania, indicates that the transition from the Middle
Stone Age (MSA) to the LSA occurred earlier than 40 000 years ago (Ambrose 1998:
379–80; Conrad 2005: 312; Prendergast et al.: 218). LSA people were probably
predominantly forest hunter-gatherer-fishers and are the aboriginal people of Uganda.
It is also highly probable that there were diverse hunter-gatherer groups in the East
African landscape.
Archaeological, linguistic and historical sources in East Africa provide evidence that
an immigrant stock-keeping people, proto-Southern Cushitic speakers, intruded upon
the hunter-gatherer-fisher communities as early as 5000 BP (Robbins 1972) in the Lake
Turkana area. These people practised a mixed pastoral, hunting and fishing economy
and made thin-walled pottery. Cattle and caprines appear in the archaeological record
of the central Rift Valley of Kenya (e.g. Enkapune Ya Muto) and parts of the northern
lowlands bordering Lake Turkana around 4000 BP. Evidence for stock-keeping becomes
more common after 3800 BP, occurring in highland, central, southern and western Kenya
around 3400–3000 BP (Ambrose 1998: 380; Lane 2004: 247; Lane et al. 2007: 62–3;
Prendergast et al. 2007: 220). In Uganda, thin-walled pottery was found in the north
My focus here is on the Later Stone Age (LSA) period. Despite dating problems in East
Africa, archaeological evidence at Enkapune Ya Muto rock shelter in Kenya, as well as
evidence from Mumba Cave in Tanzania, indicates that the transition from the Middle
Stone Age (MSA) to the LSA occurred earlier than 40 000 years ago (Ambrose 1998:
379–80; Conrad 2005: 312; Prendergast et al.: 218). LSA people were probably
predominantly forest hunter-gatherer-fishers and are the aboriginal people of Uganda.
It is also highly probable that there were diverse hunter-gatherer groups in the East
African landscape.
Archaeological, linguistic and historical sources in East Africa provide evidence that
an immigrant stock-keeping people, proto-Southern Cushitic speakers, intruded upon
the hunter-gatherer-fisher communities as early as 5000 BP (Robbins 1972) in the Lake
Turkana area. These people practised a mixed pastoral, hunting and fishing economy
and made thin-walled pottery. Cattle and caprines appear in the archaeological record
of the central Rift Valley of Kenya (e.g. Enkapune Ya Muto) and parts of the northern
lowlands bordering Lake Turkana around 4000 BP. Evidence for stock-keeping becomes
more common after 3800 BP, occurring in highland, central, southern and western Kenya
around 3400–3000 BP (Ambrose 1998: 380; Lane 2004: 247; Lane et al. 2007: 62–3;
Prendergast et al. 2007: 220). In Uganda, thin-walled pottery was found in the north
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