These complexities remain, but they have been overtaken by new realities such that the very formulation of problems within the standard account is increasingly inadequate. Perhaps the most significant of these developments has been the dislocation, pluralization, and redefinition of constituencies. The central feature of the standard account is that constituencies are defined by territory; individuals are represented insofar as they are inhabitants of a place (Rehfeld 2005). Beginning with the formation of the modern state, territorial residence became the fundamental condition for political representation—a condition more inclusive than status- and
corporate-based representation. Indeed, territory has had an important historical relationship to political equality that carried over into modern times. In ancient Athens, Cleisthenes changed the condition for counting as an Athenian citizen from family and clan identity to demes or village residence (Hansen 1993). In this way, Cleisthenes transformed the bare fact of residence into a sufficient condition for equal power-sharing, and laid the basis for the modern conception of constituency.
These complexities remain, but they have been overtaken by new realities such that the very formulation of problems within the standard account is increasingly inadequate. Perhaps the most significant of these developments has been the dislocation, pluralization, and redefinition of constituencies. The central feature of the standard account is that constituencies are defined by territory; individuals are represented insofar as they are inhabitants of a place (Rehfeld 2005). Beginning with the formation of the modern state, territorial residence became the fundamental condition for political representation—a condition more inclusive than status- and
corporate-based representation. Indeed, territory has had an important historical relationship to political equality that carried over into modern times. In ancient Athens, Cleisthenes changed the condition for counting as an Athenian citizen from family and clan identity to demes or village residence (Hansen 1993). In this way, Cleisthenes transformed the bare fact of residence into a sufficient condition for equal power-sharing, and laid the basis for the modern conception of constituency.
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