Among these elements, run time is the only part that adds values to the products. In production, the challenge is to reduce lot size and manage or eliminate non-active (queue) time. Lot size reduction often entails set-up or change over reduction.
LJIT practices standardize processes, which in turn reduce the uncertainty in manufacturing system (Rondeau et al. 2000) with less uncertainty, fi rm can reduce inventory in the system without eroding the customer service level. These actions serve to reduce customer lead time