Phases two and three focus on problem solving and conflict resolution, both within and between work groups. A major concern is to enable teams to develop the ability to work together towards a common goal in a synergistic way. In phase four the focus moves to reaching agreement on broader, organisation-wide goals. Planned changes are implemented in phase five and in the final phase progress is monitored, to ensure that the changes continue in the workplace, and are consolidated and stabilised. This programme is applied throughout the organisation at all levels, and in large organisations the process may take three to five years to complete. In the course of the programme the focus moves from the behaviour of individual managers to the effectiveness of work groups and teams, and the involvement of the whole organisation.