As for the autosomes, markers other than STRs have been
investigated on the X and the Y chromosomes, such as single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) [1–7] and insertion/deletion
markers (INDELs) [8–11], and research has included additional
species such as dogs [12] and cattle [13,14]. However, the focus of
this overview will center on the forensic development of human specific
X and Y STR markers in particular.