.Demographic questionnaire
Socio-demographic (gender, age, ethnicity, education, marital status
and work-life) and lifestyle characteristics (smoking, alcohol consumption
and physical activity) were recorded. ‘Non-smokers’ never
smoked more than 100 cigarettes. ‘Former smokers’ had smoked at
least 100 cigarettes but do not smoke at present. ‘Current smokers’
weresmoking at present (Harrington et al., 2008). Alcohol consumption
was estimated using the units of alcohol consumed per week. An International
Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) scorewas calculated for
each participant (http://www.ipaq.ki.se/scoring.pdf). Scores were classified
as low (b5000 steps/day), moderate (5000–10,000 steps/day)
and high (N10,000 steps/day). Consumption of food supplements, salt
usage and self-rated health was also reported