be dried in a few minutes with this technology, contrary to hot air or tunnel dryers which will take several hours. Nindo et al.
(2003a) reported that drying of pumpkin puree from 80% to 5% moisture content (wet basis) was achieved in less than 5 min
in both pilot and commercial scale RW dryers with a circulation water temperature of 95 C, with a 52–70% energy efficiency of
the RW drying system. Sabarez and Chessari (2006) undertook an industry sponsored study to generate scientific understanding
of the underlying mechanisms of heat and mass transfer in industrial RW drying through industrial drying trials together with
a mathematical modeling approach. Their work has generated new perspectives on the heat and mass transfer mechanisms involved
during RW drying process, providing invaluable insights for improvements to the design and operation of the drying system.