The toxic effects of pesticides and minerals have been explored in different species, but still there is paucity
of information regarding their combined toxicological effects. The present investigation reports oxidative
stress induced by oral subacute exposure to fenvalerate (1 mg/kg) and sodium nitrate (20 mg/kg)
alone, as well as in combination daily for 21 days in buffalo calves. Fenvalerate exposure produced significant
elevation in lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), while it produced significant
decline in blood glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). No signifi-
cant alteration was evidenced in nitric oxide (NOx) levels. Oral exposure to sodium nitrate produced
significant inclination in LPO and NOx, while on the other hand significant depreciation in SOD and CAT
with no significant change in GPx activity. Combined exposure to fenvalerate and sodium nitrate produced
severe effects with an appreciably more prominent elevation in extent of LPO and decline in blood
GSH levels