External control include rewards and punishments. They do not come from within but are implemented by authority-this could be the national or local government, the police, a manager, a teacher or parents, depending on the situation. Rewards, such as job promotions, awards, and praise, are designed to encourage people to behave and act in the interest of the whole community. Punishments, such as public embarrassment, fines, and even imprisonment can prevent people from acting against the community's best interests, regardless of their values.