Translation is the first & most important part of protein synthesis.
Translation is a well-conserved process among prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Additional processing and assembly is often required to modify the proteins.
Ribosomes catalyze the joining of the amino acid monomers directed by the mRNA sequence.
Amino-acyl tRNA synthetases attach amino acids to the appropriate tRNAs.
The amino-acyl tRNA act as adaptors in the translation of the nucleic acid sequence of the mRNA into the amino acid sequence of the protein.
Translation occurs in three stages...
1) In initiation, the components of the translational apparatus come together with the mRNA molecule (A tRNA carrying the first amino acid binds to the start codon).
2) In elongation, amino acids are brought to the mRNA as amino-acyl tRNAs and are added one at a time to a growing polypeptide chain.
3) In termination, a stop codon in the mRNA is recognized by a protein release factor and the translational apparatus comes apart to release a completed polypeptide.