1. Introduction
Islam looks after the health and comfort of people as well as their religious and cultural beliefs and
practices. Halal production process should be an integrated process from farm to fork, to produce not only
food that is ritually blessed but must be wholesome, healthy, safe, clean, nutritious, quality and innocuous(Tayyib). Pyramid shape technique is a Halal-compliant technique. It is compliant with Sharia (Islamic
law) rules as it doesn’t combine any material or component or process prohibited by Islamic law and it
does not affect the food Toyyiban aspect. Pyramid shape is normally associated with the ancient Egyptian
civilization and the advanced knowledge of the ancient Egyptians is represented in the architecture and
construction miracle of the pyramids. Pyramid shape preservation and packaging technique is based on
the effect of the dimensional ratio of the great pyramid in Egypt (Viegas, 2008). According to the
archaeologists specialized in Egyptology, the main purpose of the great pyramid construction was to serve
as a tomb for the fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu in 2560 BC (Shaw, 2003). At present, there is a
wide range of published literature including theories regarding the purpose, the construction technique
and the unique measurements of the great pyramid (Shaw, 2011). In fact, a lot of research and
experiments have been conducted on the scientific aspects of the pyramids including the effect of pyramid
shape on organic and non-organic materials. A container has been developed for pyramid water
production and food products preservation by manufacturing pyramidal packages and containers made of
dielectric materials such as fibreglass, plastic and paper using the slope angle and the dimensional ratio of
the great pyramid in Egypt, the pyramid shape power is the responsible factor for the preservation effect
without any other physical or chemical treatment (Abdelsamie, 2012). This power refers to paranormal,
unusual and supernatural properties of the great pyramid in Egypt and similar shape objects, the shape of
great pyramid is a square pyramid which is a structure commonly with a square base and four triangular
outer surface sides meeting in an apex. Pyramid shape technique creates a unique opportunity for food
manufacturers and consumers to package preserve and retain nutrients content in milk, water and other
liquid foodstuff. Unlike most of the current preservation and packaging techniques, the power source of
the pyramid shape preservation technique is free and inexhaustible. The pyramidal package can be used at
home, office or anywhere. It does not require any complex operations or any extra equipment. It is a nocost
food preservation technique and low cost packaging technique. The consumer can do the process of
food preservation because it does not require any complex technology; it can be done just by filling the
pyramidal packages with the food. The pyramidal package can be used many times for preserving food. It
can be used commercially to produce pyramid water as new kind of functional water which has many
beneficial effects on the human health, such as treating many diseases as mentioned in the previous
studies.This research will be a significant endeavour in developing new halal-compliant food preservation
and packaging technique in order to overcome the disadvantages of most current preservation techniques
such as the short or long term negative effects on human body, the reduction of quality, nutrients and
vitamins that may affect the Toyyiban aspect of the preserved food. For example, during the dryingpreservation method, considerable loss of some nutrients occurs while during blanching of vegetables,
vitamin C will particularly be destroyed. Also, the content of riboflavin, niacin, thiamine and some
minerals may be lost during rehydration (P. Kendall et al., 2012). Ultra high temperature treatment (UHT)
preservation method involves rapid heating of food to about 140ºC for seconds to kill microbes and then
cooled rapidly; also it destroys heat-sensitive vitamins such as vitamin C. Nowadays, chemical
preservatives such as salt is widely not accepted due to its effects on blood pressure, sulphites and nitrites
can both cause vomiting, headaches, asthma and nausea in some people (Australian Academy of Science,
2012). Irradiation of high protein foods such as dairy products that have sulphur-containing amino acids
will result in unpleasant off-flavours due to breakdown in amino acids. Irradiation is also responsible for
the softening of vegetables and fruits due to the breakdown of high-molecular-weight carbohydrates into
smaller units represented in breakdown of cell wall materials. Some vitamins, such as vitamin Bl and
vitamin C will be partially lost. In addition there are undesired changes that will occur in organoleptic
characteristics (Kilcast, 1995). It is commonly known that smoked foods may be contaminated by the
carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are known carcinogens so; gastrointestinal
cancer is likely to be increased by consuming smoked food. Some epidemiological studies revealed that,
there is a statistical correlation between the frequent intake of smoked foods and the increase of intestinal
tract cancer. In the longitudinal Hungarian study it was shown that a district whose people consumedmore home-smoked meat, the occurrence of stomach cancer was doubled (47 – 50 percent) in comparison
to all other cancers (29.9 percent) of the general Hungarian population (Fritz W and Soós K, 1980). In
preserving food, there are some costs associated with freezing method including initial cost of freezer,
fuel, water used in preparing food, electricity, repair maintenance, packaging materials and the
ingredients such as anti-darkening agents or sugar. There are some associated costs in canning method
which include purchase of canners, special equipment such as lifters and jar funnels, fuel and water and
the ingredients, such as vinegar, spices and sugar (P. Kendall and L. Payton, 2012). As the cost of
preserving and storing food varies from one preservation method to the other, there is a need to develop
new technique capable of reducing the cost of preservation and storage of food. In addition, the
disadvantages of current preservation methods that may affect the food’s toyyiban aspect such as the
reduction of quality, the loss of some nutrients and vitamins and the long or short term negative effects on
the human body, a search for safer halal-compliant alternative technique has been a top priority research
in the area of food science. The main objective of this research is to develop Halal-compliant food
preservation and packaging technique for water and milk. The specific objectives are; to determine the
effect of pyramidal packages on the growth of microorganisms in milk and to determine the effect of
pyramidal packages on water crystal structure.
1. Introduction
Islam looks after the health and comfort of people as well as their religious and cultural beliefs and
practices. Halal production process should be an integrated process from farm to fork, to produce not only
food that is ritually blessed but must be wholesome, healthy, safe, clean, nutritious, quality and innocuous(Tayyib). Pyramid shape technique is a Halal-compliant technique. It is compliant with Sharia (Islamic
law) rules as it doesn’t combine any material or component or process prohibited by Islamic law and it
does not affect the food Toyyiban aspect. Pyramid shape is normally associated with the ancient Egyptian
civilization and the advanced knowledge of the ancient Egyptians is represented in the architecture and
construction miracle of the pyramids. Pyramid shape preservation and packaging technique is based on
the effect of the dimensional ratio of the great pyramid in Egypt (Viegas, 2008). According to the
archaeologists specialized in Egyptology, the main purpose of the great pyramid construction was to serve
as a tomb for the fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu in 2560 BC (Shaw, 2003). At present, there is a
wide range of published literature including theories regarding the purpose, the construction technique
and the unique measurements of the great pyramid (Shaw, 2011). In fact, a lot of research and
experiments have been conducted on the scientific aspects of the pyramids including the effect of pyramid
shape on organic and non-organic materials. A container has been developed for pyramid water
production and food products preservation by manufacturing pyramidal packages and containers made of
dielectric materials such as fibreglass, plastic and paper using the slope angle and the dimensional ratio of
the great pyramid in Egypt, the pyramid shape power is the responsible factor for the preservation effect
without any other physical or chemical treatment (Abdelsamie, 2012). This power refers to paranormal,
unusual and supernatural properties of the great pyramid in Egypt and similar shape objects, the shape of
great pyramid is a square pyramid which is a structure commonly with a square base and four triangular
outer surface sides meeting in an apex. Pyramid shape technique creates a unique opportunity for food
manufacturers and consumers to package preserve and retain nutrients content in milk, water and other
liquid foodstuff. Unlike most of the current preservation and packaging techniques, the power source of
the pyramid shape preservation technique is free and inexhaustible. The pyramidal package can be used at
home, office or anywhere. It does not require any complex operations or any extra equipment. It is a nocost
food preservation technique and low cost packaging technique. The consumer can do the process of
food preservation because it does not require any complex technology; it can be done just by filling the
pyramidal packages with the food. The pyramidal package can be used many times for preserving food. It
can be used commercially to produce pyramid water as new kind of functional water which has many
beneficial effects on the human health, such as treating many diseases as mentioned in the previous
studies.This research will be a significant endeavour in developing new halal-compliant food preservation
and packaging technique in order to overcome the disadvantages of most current preservation techniques
such as the short or long term negative effects on human body, the reduction of quality, nutrients and
vitamins that may affect the Toyyiban aspect of the preserved food. For example, during the dryingpreservation method, considerable loss of some nutrients occurs while during blanching of vegetables,
vitamin C will particularly be destroyed. Also, the content of riboflavin, niacin, thiamine and some
minerals may be lost during rehydration (P. Kendall et al., 2012). Ultra high temperature treatment (UHT)
preservation method involves rapid heating of food to about 140ºC for seconds to kill microbes and then
cooled rapidly; also it destroys heat-sensitive vitamins such as vitamin C. Nowadays, chemical
preservatives such as salt is widely not accepted due to its effects on blood pressure, sulphites and nitrites
can both cause vomiting, headaches, asthma and nausea in some people (Australian Academy of Science,
2012). Irradiation of high protein foods such as dairy products that have sulphur-containing amino acids
will result in unpleasant off-flavours due to breakdown in amino acids. Irradiation is also responsible for
the softening of vegetables and fruits due to the breakdown of high-molecular-weight carbohydrates into
smaller units represented in breakdown of cell wall materials. Some vitamins, such as vitamin Bl and
vitamin C will be partially lost. In addition there are undesired changes that will occur in organoleptic
characteristics (Kilcast, 1995). It is commonly known that smoked foods may be contaminated by the
carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are known carcinogens so; gastrointestinal
cancer is likely to be increased by consuming smoked food. Some epidemiological studies revealed that,
there is a statistical correlation between the frequent intake of smoked foods and the increase of intestinal
tract cancer. In the longitudinal Hungarian study it was shown that a district whose people consumedmore home-smoked meat, the occurrence of stomach cancer was doubled (47 – 50 percent) in comparison
to all other cancers (29.9 percent) of the general Hungarian population (Fritz W and Soós K, 1980). In
preserving food, there are some costs associated with freezing method including initial cost of freezer,
fuel, water used in preparing food, electricity, repair maintenance, packaging materials and the
ingredients such as anti-darkening agents or sugar. There are some associated costs in canning method
which include purchase of canners, special equipment such as lifters and jar funnels, fuel and water and
the ingredients, such as vinegar, spices and sugar (P. Kendall and L. Payton, 2012). As the cost of
preserving and storing food varies from one preservation method to the other, there is a need to develop
new technique capable of reducing the cost of preservation and storage of food. In addition, the
disadvantages of current preservation methods that may affect the food’s toyyiban aspect such as the
reduction of quality, the loss of some nutrients and vitamins and the long or short term negative effects on
the human body, a search for safer halal-compliant alternative technique has been a top priority research
in the area of food science. The main objective of this research is to develop Halal-compliant food
preservation and packaging technique for water and milk. The specific objectives are; to determine the
effect of pyramidal packages on the growth of microorganisms in milk and to determine the effect of
pyramidal packages on water crystal structure.
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