In the global supply chain, rail, shipping and trucking compete, but they are also partners in door-to-door
intermodal operations (Horn & Nemoto, 2005). Due to the dominant modal share of the road, which carries 90% of
the goods in Paris as well as in Tokyo (in tons), optimizing road transport is at least as important as finding longlasting
and economically viable solutions for railroad, river or maritime services. Modal shift remains nevertheless
an interesting option to contribute to environmental objectives, even for local and regional operations.
In the global supply chain, rail, shipping and trucking compete, but they are also partners in door-to-door
intermodal operations (Horn & Nemoto, 2005). Due to the dominant modal share of the road, which carries 90% of
the goods in Paris as well as in Tokyo (in tons), optimizing road transport is at least as important as finding longlasting
and economically viable solutions for railroad, river or maritime services. Modal shift remains nevertheless
an interesting option to contribute to environmental objectives, even for local and regional operations.
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