The temperature of the fluid delivered by the
water-bath warming system increased as the flow
rate increased up to 15-20 ml/min and decreased
with increasing the flow rate above 20-30 ml/min
(Figure 1A). At flow rates of less than 30 ml/min,
there was no significant difference between the
delivered temperatures of the fluids between the
room temperature and ice-cold temperature fluids.
When the flow rate was over 30 ml/min the delivered
temperature was significantly less for the ice-cold fluid
than for the room temperature fluid.