Themanagementandconservationbenefit

Themanagementandconservationbenefits ofMPAscanalso
leadtopositiveoutcomesforlocalcommunitiesthroughspilloverof
fish intolocal fisheries [7–12], mitigationofclimaticandenviron-
mentalthreats [13], andtourismlivelihoodbenefits [14–17]. Yet
MPAshavealsobeencriticizedforleadingtonegativesocial,
economic,culturalandpoliticalimpactsforlocalpeopleand
communities(seeliteraturereviewbelow).Thisisproblematic
sincesupportforandthesuccessofMPAsispredicatedonpositive
localperceptionsofsocio-economicandecologicaloutcomesin
manylocations [18–21]. Supportisalsodependentonperceptions
oftheeffectivenessandqualityofmanagementandgovernance
policies,institutions,andprocesses [22–25].
Situated betweenMalaysiaandMyanmarandfacingtheBayof
Bengal, theAndamancoastofThailandisanareaofhigh
biodiversityandecologicalimportance [26]. Withinthe
116,000km2 of marinearea,thereareimportantareasofseagrass,
coralreefs,andmangroves [27,28]. However,theecologicalhealth
of theareaisthreatenedbyoverexploitationanddestructive
fishing, degradationandlossofhabitats,andpollutionand fisheries
areindecline [28–30]. ThereareanumberofMPAsinthe
area,includingseveralsmallercommunity-basedMPAs [31], one

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 1:

Themanagementandconservationbenefits ofMPAscanalso
leadtopositiveoutcomesforlocalcommunitiesthroughspilloverof
ปลา [7-12], ประมง intolocal mitigationofclimaticandenviron-
mentalthreats [13], andtourismlivelihoodbenefits [14-17] Yet
MPAshavealsobeencriticizedforleadingtonegativesocial,
economic,culturalandpoliticalimpactsforlocalpeopleand
communities(seeliteraturereviewbelow)Thisisproblematic
sincesupportforandthesuccessofMPAsispredicatedonpositive
localperceptionsofsocio economicandecologicaloutcomesin
manylocations [18-21] Supportisalsodependentonperceptions
oftheeffectivenessandqualityofmanagementandgovernance
นโยบาย สถาบัน andprocesses [22-25] การ
betweenMalaysiaandMyanmarandfacingtheBayof แห่ง
เบงกอล theAndamancoastofThailandisanareaofhigh
biodiversityandecologicalimportance [26] Withinthe
116, 000km 2 ของ marinearea, thereareimportantareasofseagrass,
coralreefs, andmangroves [27,28] อย่างไรก็ตาม theecologicalhealth
ของ theareaisthreatenedbyoverexploitationanddestructive
andpollutionand ประมง ตกปลา degradationandlossofhabitats
areindecline [28-30] ThereareanumberofMPAsinthe
ตั้ง includingseveralsmallercommunity-basedMPAs [31], หนึ่ง

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 2:

Themanagementandconservationbenefits ofMPAscanalso
leadtopositiveoutcomesforlocalcommunitiesthroughspilloverof
ประมงปลา intolocal [7-12] mitigationofclimaticandenviron-
mentalthreats [13] andtourismlivelihoodbenefits [14-17] [18-21] [22-25] ซึ่งตั้งอยู่ที่ betweenMalaysiaandMyanmarandfacingtheBayof เบงกอล theAndamancoastofThailandisanareaofhigh biodiversityandecologicalimportance [26] Withinthe 116,000km2 ของ marinearea, thereareimportantareasofseagrass, coralreefs, andmangroves [27,28] อย่างไรก็ตาม theecologicalhealth ของ theareaisthreatenedbyoverexploitationanddestructive ประมง degradationandlossofhabitats, andpollutionand ประมงareindecline [28-30] ThereareanumberofMPAsinthe พื้นที่ includingseveralsmallercommunity-basedMPAs [31] หนึ่ง

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 3:

themanagementandconservationbenefits ofmpascanalso

intolocal leadtopositiveoutcomesforlocalcommunitiesthroughspilloverof ปลาประมง [ 7 – 12 ] , mitigationofclimaticandenviron -
mentalthreats [ 13 ] andtourismlivelihoodbenefits [ 14 – 17 ] mpashavealsobeencriticizedforleadingtonegativesocial เลย

, เศรษฐกิจ , ชุมชน culturalandpoliticalimpactsforlocalpeopleand
( seeliteraturereviewbelow )thisisproblematic

localperceptionsofsocio sincesupportforandthesuccessofmpasispredicatedonpositive economicandecologicaloutcomesin
manylocations 21 ) [ 18 ] supportisalsodependentonperceptions

oftheeffectivenessandqualityofmanagementandgovernance นโยบาย สถาบัน andprocesses [ 22 – 25 ] .


theandamancoastofthailandisanareaofhigh ตั้งอยู่ betweenmalaysiaandmyanmarandfacingthebayof เบงกอลbiodiversityandecologicalimportance [ 26 ] ใน 116000km2 ของ marinearea thereareimportantareasofseagrass

แนวปะการัง andmangroves , , , [ 27,28 ] อย่างไรก็ตาม theecologicalhealth

ของ theareaisthreatenedbyoverexploitationanddestructive ตกปลา , degradationandlossofhabitats ประมง
andpollutionand areindecline [ 28 – 30 ] พื้นที่ thereareanumberofmpasinthe
, includingseveralsmallercommunity basedmpas [ 31 ] , หนึ่ง