Initially, the factors or determinants that contribute to the measurement of lean practices
have been identified. Similar practices/tools/techniques with the same characteristics are grouped into the same
dimension. Thus, the result of this research has shown that there are seven main dimensions that contribute to
leanness measurement in manufacturing. We limit our model development by considering and selecting the
practice/tool/technique that is proposed by the empirical approach or a combination of both quantitative and
qualitative approaches as the aim of the study is to provide a general guideline for all companies and industries in
the manufacturing sector. Elsewhere in this study, it has been mentioned that the quantitative approach has resulted
with a measure of lean index which is unique for the particular unit analysis of the author’s study. On the other
hand, these findings have enhanced our understanding of lean concepts and the determinants of variables which
contribute to the progress towards leanness. Further work needs to establish whether the relationship between the
dimensions and wastes are true by conducting the Delphi method approach. The conceptual model can also be
modelled into a diagnostic model for leanness measurement in future work. Practitioners and scholars may benefit
from this study as it will aid in improving the general effectiveness of the strategic manufacturing performance.