In addition, the energy transfer mechanisms from the
plasmonic metals to the substrate are proposed based on
electronic structures of the hybrid composites, in which the
hot holes excited by the decay of surface plasmon resonance on
themetallic clusters can diffuse into the Cl ions in the outermost
two layers of the surface, producing highly oxidative Cl atoms,
and the dipole–dipole interactions between the plasmonic metal clusters and substrate Cl ions can also generate electron–hole pairs in the surface layers